![]() NOTE: If you're running Windows, there may not be a "Save as PDF file" option. Once you have things the way you like them in your picture window, you can select the parts you want to save (it'll put a pink border around it), and then go to "File" > "Save as PDF file." and export a PDF version of the waveform wherever you'd like!.Then you can select the area where you'd like the image to appear and repeat this step, starting from the Object list. If you'd like to draw it with different dimensions, click "Edit" > "Erase all". A waveform will appear in your Picture window. Select the object in your objects list, and click "Draw" > "Draw.", followed by "OK".This will put a new object in your Object list. You can do this by selecting the audio you want in the View and Edit window, and going to "File" > "Extract Selected Sound (time from 0)". First you'll want to make sure you have an object in your Object list containing only the audio you want to make a waveform of. ![]() Repeat for any other recordings you want to save.Choose a location and filename for your file.In your objects list, select the sound recording that you want to save.Select it as with vowel length to view its length / duration in seconds. Identify / locate the aspriation noise.If you're not zoomed in close enough to your selection, you may miss some digits if this is the case, just click "in". That gray bar also includes the length of the selection (i.e., the length of the vowel) in seconds. You can hear if you've selected the entire vowel by clicking the gray bar below the spectrogram that corresponds to the selection. After zooming in to the word you're looking at, select the entire length of the vowel you want to measure.By default it's at 500Hz, but you can lower it down to about 300Hz (unless you have an extremely high-pitched voice). If it's hard to get an accurate reading, you may want to lower the top end of the pitch range (in "Pitch" > "Pitch settings.", the number on the top right). ![]() The frequency (in Hertz) at the place you clicked is displayed on the right in blue characters. ![]() To measure the fundamental frequency of a vowel, click on or near a blue dot in the vowel.By default, they don't line up with anything, but they should be contiguous for any vowel (where it's easiest to measure fundamental frequency). The blue dots (and line) are pitch / fundamental frenquency measurements. Make sure "Pitch" > "Show pitch" is selected.For a vowel, you probably want to measure the formants near the center. The frequency (in Hertz) at the place you clicked is displayed on the left in red characters. To measure a formant, click on or near a red dot.Check in "Formant" > "Formant settings."-especially try changing the number of formants up and down some. If they fall between the formants (above or below), you may need to adjust your settings some. They should more or less line up with the formants (dark horizontal bars) in the spectrogram, e.g. Make sure "Formant" > "Show formants" is selected.Select a smallish section of audio (e.g., a word) that contains what you want to measure, and click "sel".Click on the sound you recorded in your Object list, and click the "View & Edit" button.To prepare your environment in Praat to measure something, start by doing the following: As a general rule, you don't want to care about more than about one decimal place in frequencies (e.g., 461.5Hz) or more than 4 decimal places in seconds / 1 decimal place in milliseconds (0.0225s, or 22.5ms). With any measurement, Praat is likely to give you a very exact number. Click "Save to list & Close" to load the recording into the Object list.If you continue to get some red bars, just continue with the assignment, but know that you may have to re-record the sound if you're having trouble measuring things. If you get red bars, click "Stop", adjust the microphone, and try again. Also make sure you have the microphone far enough away from your mouth that you don't get red bars during the recording. Make sure you speak clearly and not too quietly. Clicking "Record" again will replace your last recording with a new one. Enter a name for the recording in "name".In Praat, click "New" > "Record mono Sound.".The built-in mics in most computers should also be okay, though these vary a lot-Macs at least seem to have consistently decent built-in microphones. Video conferencing or gaming headsets will usually work great. I recommend using an external headphone and microphone. Most computers on campus seem to have it installed already, but since it doesn't have to be installed, you can just download it and run it on any computer (even if you don't have admin rights on it). To use Praat on your own computer, you can download it from its website, at. Basic guide to using Praat for acoustic phonetic analysis Setting up your "lab"
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